Available Equipment
NanoFACT currently has the following pieces of equipment (only equipment > 100k € is mentioned). List us our research is constantly updated and upgraded.
Infrared Nanospectroscopy (AFM-IR):
AFM-IR combines AFM nano-imaging, infrared (IR) chemical recognition power, and fluorescence microscopy to allow multimodal nano-characterisation of 3-D morphology, molecular and chemical composition, nanomechanical properties; of virtually any inorganic, organic, biological, food, environmental samples and materials from the 100 µm scale down to single molecule level (<10 nm).
Specifications: Bruker NanoIR3 (AFM-IR)
AFM-IR Modes:
Contact: Resonance-Enhanced, Surface Sensitive Mode, FASTmapping Imaging, HYPERspectral Mode
Tapping: Tapping AFM-IR, HYPERspectral Mode
Scanner Range and Performances:
XY Range: 50 µm x 50 µm
Z Range: 12 µm
Z Noise Contact Mode: 60 pm
Z Noise Tapping Mode: 20 pm
Overall Spectral Capabilities:
Spectral Range: 933–2304 cm⁻¹ & 2710–3600 cm⁻¹
Spectral resolution : 1-4 cm⁻¹
Polarization: 0 deg or 90 deg
Environmental Control: Operates in air and liquid (research development).
Sample Handling: Supports samples up to 12 mm in thickness and up to 1.5x1.5 cm on the XY stage.
Locations and contact:
Location: 0091, Contact: Francesco Simone Ruggeri
Example publications:
BioRxiv 2022.07.25.501379
Science, 2021, 374, 1589-1605
Nat. Commun., 2021, 12, 3529
Nat. Commun., 2020, 12, 688
Nat. Commun., 2020, 11, 2945
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM):
Our AFMs allow to study the 3-D topography, mechanical, and electrical properties of virtually any inorganic, organic, biological, food, environmental samples and materials from the scale of hundreds of mm down to single-molecule Angstrom’s resolution. Please see the list of our different AFMs below:
Park Systems AFM
AFM for advanced high-resolution topographical imaging in air and liquid conditions; ii) nano-mechanical mapping of Young’s Modulus, Adhesion, Deformation via PinPoint mode; iii) combined mapping of topography with electrical and magnetic properties at the nanoscale; iii) electrochemical measurements with an enclosed gold liquid cell.
Specifications of the instrument:
Imaging Modes:
Standard: True Non-Contact™, Contact, Tapping, PinPoint™.
Electrical: Conductive AFM (C-AFM), Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM), Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM).
Mechanical: Nanoindentation, Force Modulation Microscopy (FMM).
Thermal: Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM).
Magnetic: Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM).
Specialized: Electrochemical Microscopy (EC-AFM).
Scanning Ranges and Performance:
XY Range: 50 µm × 50 µm
XY Noise: <0.1 nm
Z Range: 15 µm
Z Noise: <25 pm
Environmental Control: Operates in air and in liquid. Liquid is possible via: i) open liquid cell; ii) an electrochemical closed cell. Heats and cools to 0 °C - 110 °C (in air), 4 °C - 70 °C (with liquid) with an applicable voltage of -10V to +10V.
Sample Handling: Air, open space up to 100 mm x 100 mm, thickness up to 20 mm. Liquid, up to 15 mm diameter.
Locations and contact:
Location: 0044, Contact: Francesco Simone Ruggeri, Raoul Fix.
Example publications:
Nat. Commun., 2022, 13, 5512
Brain Commun., 2022, 3, 147
Brain, 2022, 2, 632
Bruker Multimode VIII HR
AFM for: i) ultra-high-resolution imaging with 20-30 pm noise in air; ii) enhanced nano-mechanical mapping of Young’s Modulus, Adhesion, Deformation via PeakForce and Quantitative Nanomechanical mapping modes.
Specifications of the instrument:
Imaging Modes:
Standard: Contact, Tapping, high speed Peakforce™.
Mechanical: Nanoindentation, enhanced Quantitative Nanomechanical Imaging (QNM), lateral force microscopy.
Scanning Ranges and Performance:
XY Range: 20 µm × 20 µm to 165 µm × 165 µm
XY Noise: <0.05 nm
Z Range: 4 µm
Z Noise: <20 pm
Environmental Control: Operates in air and in liquid.
Sample Handling: maximum size of the sample 15 mm diameter × 5 mm thick
Locations and contact:
Location: 0044 & 6039, Contact: Francesco Simone Ruggeri, Raoul Fix.
Example publications:
Polym. Chem., 2022, 13, 4666-4674
Biomacromolecules, 2021, 22, 5, 1966–1979
Bruker Multimode VIII
AFM for: i) for versatile and easy high-resolution topographical imaging in air; ii) nano-mechanical mapping of Young’s Modulus, Adhesion, Deformation via PeakForce and Quantitative Nanomechanical mapping modes.
Specifications of the instrument:
Imaging Modes:
Standard: Contact, Tapping, Peakforce™.
Mechanical: Nanoindentation, Quantitative Nanomechanical Imaging (QNM), lateral force microscopy.
Scanning Ranges and Performance:
XY Range: 170 µm × 170 µm
XY Noise: <0.05 nm
Z Range: 5 µm
Z Noise: <50 pm
Environmental Control: Operates in air and in liquid.
Sample Handling: maximum size of the sample 15 mm diameter × 5 mm thick.
Locations and contact:
Location: 0044 & 6039, Contact: Francesco Simone Ruggeri, Raoul Fix.
Example publications:
Polym. Chem., 2022, 13, 4666-4674
Biomacromolecules, 2021, 22, 5, 1966–1979
Asylum AFM MFP-3D
AFM for versatile and easy high-resolution topographical imaging in air and liquid conditions.
Specifications of the instrument:
Imaging Modes: Tapping Mode, Contact Mode, Phase Imaging.
Scanner Range and Performances:
XY Range: 120 µm
XY Noise: <0.6 nm
Z Range: 15 µm
Z Noise: <50 pm
Environmental Control: Operates in air and in liquid. Optional: Heating (up to 400°C), Cooling (-30 to 120°C), Humidity control, Electrochemical cells, and fluid imaging options.
Sample Handling: Supports samples up to 80 mm in diameter and 27 mm in thickness.
Locations and contact:
Location: 6039, Contact: Francesco Simone Ruggeri, Raoul Fix.
Example publications:
Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 2022, 2201198
Nat. Chem., 2021, 13, 858–867
JPK Force Robot 300
Force Robot measures interaction forces between and within molecules and materials at the nanoscale in real-time. The instrument sensitivity allows to probe events associated to small forces, such as protein (un)folding, receptor-ligand interactions, DNA melting, single-molecule mechanical properties, small molecules binding to proteins, kinetic, affinity, and energy landscapes of biological interactions.
Specifications of the instrument:
Scanner Range and Performances:
XY Range: 100 µm × 100 µm
Z Range: 6.5 µm
XY Noise: < 0.3 nm
Z Noise: 60 pm
Environmental Control: Measurement in air or liquid.
Sample Handling: Supports samples up to 10 mm in thickness and 20x20 mm on the XY stage.
Locations and contact:
Location: 6039, Contact: Francesco Simone Ruggeri, Raoul Fix.
Example publications:
J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126, 2, 1215–1221
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 31, 37598–37608
X-ray Spectroscopy and imaging:
KRATOS AXIS Supra+ XPS
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) allows surface chemical analysis, providing detailed information on elemental composition, chemical states, and molecular interactions on the top-layers (1-10 nm) of the surface of materials. This instrument allows high-resolution analysis of solid samples, offering insights into surface structure, contamination, and bonding configurations, making it valuable for studies materials’ properties in nanotechnology, polymers, food, environmental and life sciences.
Specifications of the instrument:
X-ray Source: Monochromatic Al Kα (1486.6 eV) for high-resolution spectra. Dual anode (Al/Mg) available for flexible excitation.
Energy Resolution: ≤ 0.5 eV for precise chemical state analysis.
Charge Neutralization: Low-energy electron flood gun and ion neutralization to prevent sample charging, essential for insulating materials like plant tissues, food matrices, and bio-polymers.
Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV) System: Base pressure <10⁻⁹ mbar, ensuring contamination-free measurements.
Depth Profiling: Gas Cluster Ion Source (GCIS) for soft material profiling (organic coatings, biofilms). Ar+ Ion Beam for inorganic materials (soil minerals, bio-based composites).
Surface Imaging: High-resolution XPS imaging with spatial resolution down to a few micrometers. Parallel imaging mode for rapid chemical mapping of surfaces.
Detection Limits: Sensitivity down to 0.1 atomic % for elements (except H & He).
Automation and Software: User-friendly software for data acquisition, processing, and analysis. Automated sample positioning and analysis routines.
Locations and contact:
Location : 7028, Contact: Sidharam Pujari
Example publications:
Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 2201198.
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 14, 23102
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202280861
JEOL JAMP-9500F Scanning Auger Microprobe (SAM)
Combining Auger Emission Spectroscopy (AES) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) allows surface imaging and elemental analysis (top 1-10 nm layers) with nanoscale spatial resolution (10 nm). AES provides precise elemental analysis, while the SEM allows for detailed imaging of surface morphology at nanometre scale. This instrument is widely used in materials science, food science, environmental science, life sciences, nanotechnology, semiconductor research, failure analysis, and surface characterization in both industrial and academic research.
Specifications of the instrument:
Spatial Resolution:
SEM Imaging: 5 nm resolution for precise imaging of surface structures and features at the micro and nanoscales.
Auger Spectral and Imaging Analysis: 10 nm resolution, providing detailed elemental analysis with high precision on the surface layer.
Surface and Elemental Characterization:
Auger Spectra: Enables detailed elemental composition analysis, ideal for surface chemistry studies.
Auger Imaging: Provides spatial distribution of elements on the surface, allowing for surface composition mapping.
Secondary Electron Imaging (SEI): Offers high-resolution imaging of surface morphology, ideal for detailed visual examination of the sample's surface.
Depth Profiling:
Ion Gun: Supports depth profiling, analyzing multiple layers within the sample, offering insights into compositional changes as a function of depth. Ideal for multi-layer analysis.
Top Coating and Thin Film Analysis:
Maximum Measurable Top-Layer Thickness: 2-10 nm.
Locations and contact:
Location : 0043, Contact: Sidharam Pujari
Example publications:
Nat. Chem., 2021, 858
Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2105203
Surface-sensitive and micron-scale resolution Vibrational spectroscopy:
Our FTIRs systems allow easy and versatile chemical and molecular analysis of virtually any organic and inorganic material in polymers, food, environmental, bio-technology and life sciences research from bulk to single macro-particles and monolayer level:
Bruker FTIR TENSOR II + Heatable ATR
FTIR for chemical analysis by detecting molecular vibrations in solids, liquids, and pastes. This instrument provides detailed molecular fingerprints for a wide range of materials. The heatable diamond (Attenuated Total Reflectance) ATR allows fast and high-sensitivity analysis without sample preparation, allowing for temperature-dependent measurements.
Specifications of the instrument:
Spectrometer:
Model: TENSOR II
Detector: DTGS (Deuterated Triglycine Sulfate)
Wavelength Range: 4000 - 400 cm⁻¹ (mid-infrared region)
Spectral Resolution: Up to 4 cm⁻¹
Measurement Modes:
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) for surface-sensitive chemical analysis
KBr Pellet Holder Measurement – Traditional transmission analysis for solid sample
Liquid Cell Analysis – Precise infrared measurements of liquid samples
Heatable ATR Accessory:
ATR Crystal Material: Diamond (high durability & chemical resistance)
Temperature Range: Room Temperature to 80°C(inOPUS software)
Optical Path: Single-reflection ATR with high refractive index for enhanced surface sensitivity
Sample Handling & Measurement Capabilities:
Compatible Sample Types: Solids, liquids, pastes, and powders
Pressure Mechanism: One-finger clamp for easy and secure sample positioning
Trough Design: Stainless steel plate with an edged diamond crystal for safe & efficient liquid analysis
Data Acquisition Rate: Up to 100 scans per second
Software: Bruker OPUS software suite, which provides a user-friendly interface for instrument control, data collection, and analysis.
Locations and contact:
Location: 7080, Contact: Francesco Simone Ruggeri, Sidharam Pujari.
Recent publications:
Small Methods, 2021, 5, 2001002
ACS Nano, 2021, 15, 1, 944–953
Bruker ATR-IR TENSOR II + IRRAS
FTIR for surface and thin film chemical analysis down to single monolayer. IRRAS (IR Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy) allows to study surface interactions and molecular adsorption, on thin films, monolayers, and surface-bound molecules. Germanium ATR enhances surface sensitivity with the use of a high-refractive index germanium crystal, enabling effective analysis of solid, liquid, or semi-solid samples with minimal sample preparation.
Specifications of the instrument:
Spectrometer:
Model: Bruker Tensor II
Detector: MCT (Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride) detector for high sensitivity
Spectral Range: 4000–400 cm⁻¹ (depending on the configuration)
Resolution: 4 cm⁻¹
Seagull Accessory (Auto-Seagull):
Type: Harricks Auto-Seagull accessory
Angle Range: Variable from 10° to 85°
Application: Infrared Reflective Absorption Spectroscopy (IRRAS)
Purpose: Enables detailed analysis of thin films, coatings, and surface-bound samples at various incident angles.
GATR Accessory (Germanium Attenuated Total Reflectance):
Type: GATR accessory with Germanium crystal
Purpose: Facilitates the study of thin films and surfaces at oblique angles, enhancing the detection of surface-specific information.
Sample Holders:
KBr Pellet Holders: For solid sample analysis
Liquid Cells: For liquids or solutions, typically used in transmission or reflection mode
Capabilities:
Single Monolayer Studies: Capable of analyzing single monolayers to examine surface properties and molecular organization.
Gas Adsorption/Desorption: Equipped for the study of gas adsorption and desorption processes, ideal for surface chemistry and material porosity analysis.
Locations and contact:
Location: 7080, Contact: Sidharam Pujari
Recent publications:
Small Methods, 2021, 5, 2001002
ACS Nano, 2021, 15, 1, 944–953
Bruker ATR-IR Tensor 27 + Hyperion 2000 IR-microscope
FTIR for chemical imaging and spectral analysis of the molecular composition of solids, liquids, and pastes. The high-performance diamond ATR allows fast and high-sensitivity analysis without sample preparation. The Hyperion microscope allows detailed molecular imaging of samples at micro-scale level (50 mm) in with both transmission and reflection modes.
Specifications of the instrument:
Spectrometer:
Model: TENSOR II
Detector: DTGS (Deuterated Triglycine Sulfate); and MCT D326 0 25 (SN J-19374), cooled with liquid N2
Wavelength Range: 4000 - 400 cm⁻¹ (mid-infrared region)
Spectral Resolution: Up to 4 cm⁻¹
Measurement Modes:
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) for surface-sensitive chemical analysis
KBr Pellet Holder Measurement – Traditional transmission analysis for solid sample
Liquid Cell Analysis – Precise infrared measurements of liquid samples
Microscope - for chemical imaging and spectroscopy
ATR-FTIR:
ATR Accessory Model: Bruker Platinum diamond ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection) accessory, single bounce.
Detector: DTGS (Deuterated Triglycine Sulfate) detector, which is sensitive and stable for standard applications.
Sample Handling: Solid, Powders, liquids.
Microscope (Hyperion 2000):
Microscope: Hyperion-2000 microscope to perform IR imaging. It has a 15x IR objective, a 15x GIR objective and a software controlled XY-stage.
Detector: MCT D326 0 25 (SN J-19374), cooled with liquid N2
Stage: Motorized (75 x 50 mm)
Objectives: 4x 15x and 20x ; max 50 µm Imaging Resolution.
Sample Handling & Measurement Capabilities:
Compatible Sample Types: Solids, liquids, pastes, and powders
Pressure Mechanism: One-finger clamp for easy and secure sample positioning
Trough Design: Stainless steel plate with an edged diamond crystal for safe & efficient liquid analysis
Data Acquisition Rate: Up to 100 scans per second
Software: Bruker OPUS software suite, which provides a user-friendly interface for instrument control, data collection, and analysis.
Locations and contact:
Location: 7080, Contact: Francesco Simone Ruggeri
Recent publications:
Chem. Sci., 2020,11, 3687-3693
Sci. Adv., 2020, 6, 45, 5924
Other surface-sensitive general instrumentation around NanoFACT (available via ORC & PCC chair groups):
Drop Shape Analyzer DSA30 (KRÜSS)
Specifications of the instrument:
Sessile drop analysis
Range 0 to 180° (software-based)
Resolution 0.01° (software-based)
Accuracy 0.1° (instrument-based)
Models
a. conic section
b. polynom
c. circle
d. Young-Laplace
e. height-width
Type
a. Advancing
b. Receding
c. Static
d. dynamic
Locations and contact:
Location: 7082, Contact: Sidharam Pujari
Recent publications:
Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 9, 2101717
Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 9, 2101784
Accurion EP4 Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry
Specifications of the instrument:
Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry from 300 nm - 1000 nm (46 wavelengths)
Highest lateral ellipsometric resolution of <1 µm,
Knife edge illumination allows measurements on thin transparent substrates to avoid background reflection (e.g., transparent glass substrate).
Objectives for use with focus scanner (2x, 5x, 10x, 20x, and 50x)
Contrast imaging (real-time)
Langmuir-Blodgett trough for liquid-air interfaces (Langmuir trough, emulsions (water/oil), temperature bath)
Angle-of-incidence range: 38 – 90° (Angle resolution: 0.001°)
Locations and contact:
Location: 7029, Contact: Sidharam Pujari
Recent publications:
Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2022, 9, 2101717.
Desalination 522, 2022, 115391
Other research/imaging centres in Wageningen: